Integrating Europe: Multiple Speeds - One Direction?

With the stalemate on the European Constitution at the Brussels Summit in December 2003, "enhanced cooperation" was seen by many to be the way to uphold integrative momentum in the European Union. More recently, some of the proponents of the idea of greater flexibility are withdrawing their previous support of the concept. In the first Working Paper under the Integrated Working Programme "Political Europe," Franklin Dehousse and Wouter Coussens disscuss the applicability of flexible integration to various policy areas, while Giovanni Grevi argues it should generally remain a "remedy of the very last resort."

Read the full paper here